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Osmia rufa
''Osmia rufa'' or ''Osmia bicornis'' is a species of mason bee, and is known as the red mason bee due to its covering of dense gingery hair.〔(Wild Life Trusts )〕〔(Natural History Museum ) - Swarm-like behaviour of red mason solitary bees - retrieved 2013-08-14〕〔INSECTS - Collins gem guide ISBN 0-00-458818-5〕〔(Buckingham Nurseries )〕 It is a solitary bee that nests in holes or stems and is polylectic.〔 Despite being classed as solitary, however, these bees can be seen aggregating together.〔 This bee can be found throughout Europe and North Africa, and nests in preexisting hollows, choosing not to excavate their own. These bees are not aggressive; they will only sting if handled very roughly and are safe to be closely observed by children.〔〔 Females only mate once, usually with closely related males, and can determine the sex ratio of their offspring based on their body size, where larger females will invest more in diploid females eggs than small bees. These bees also have trichromatic color vision and are important pollinators in agriculture.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
This species is part of the order Hymenoptera, which consists of bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies. ''O. bicornis'' is the current scientific name for this bee, although it was formerly known as ''O. rufa.'' This bee is a member of the family Megachilidae, which mostly consists of solitary bees, and is among 11 species that have been identified in Britain. There are three subspecies of ''O. rufa'', one of which is ''Osmia rufa cornigera''.〔
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